Pakistan is a large country (about 800,000 sq. km) with a population of approximately 219,009,130 people, making it the fifth most populous country in the world. Even though the country has a fairly well-developed organizational infrastructure, the health indicators are poor and show high mortality rates for both communicable and non-communicable diseases. Emerging infectious diseases pose a serious threat to public health security. Over the past few decades, Pakistan has suffered a great deal from infectious diseases such as dengue, Crimean- Congo fever, hepatitis, measles, and polio. Changing climate conditions, environmental degradation, global warming, loss of biodiversity, and other ecological determinants have a direct effect on these diseases and result in the emergence and reemergence of infectious entities. The causes of such disease outbreaks are complex and often not well understood. Therefore, dealing with an outbreak requires an integrated and coordinated approach. In order to mitigate the risks associated with emerging life threatening pathogens, there is a greater need of research in the area of virology and to gearing up researchers to contribute in controlling these emerging diseases.